komunizmis miTostruqturisa da sociopraqtikis Tavwyaro

(ferdinand toenisis konceptualur cnebaTa bazaze)

irakli Selia

(Semecnebis tradiciul formaTa Semswavleli fondi ~kirbiSi~)

raodeni sisxliani danaSaulic gnebavT

hqondeT Cadenili *komunistebs*,*kapita

listebs* an *faSistebs*, TiTeuli maTganis

ideologiuri koncepcia, miT ufro maTi

mitologia, mit ufro mati rwmenis saTave

unda gairCes obieqturad, miukerZoeblad,

da yovelgvari *partiuli*patosis gareSe

SesaZloa bevrisaTvis sulac miuReblad , paradoqsuladac ki JRerdes, magram Tavidanve vityviT: komunizmi sabWoTa kavSirSi erT-erTi yvelaze cudad Seswavlili da yvelaze tendenciurad gaSuqebuli msoflmxedveloba gaxldaT. igi TiTqmis mTlianad miwisqveSa dinebad, ufro da ufro qvenabunebiT faqtorebze damokidebul ~andergraundul~ mimdinareobad iqca. is imdenad dakavSirebuli aRmoCnda infra-korporalur ZalebTan, rom sabWouri fsevdo-elitis (inteligenciis ~naRebi~ fena) mniSvnelovani nawili, metadre frondiori, namdvilad gaxrwnil evro-amerikul analogebze ufro gaindividualisturda. male misi hedonisti nawilisaTvis arasakmarisad qvemidrekili marqsi ufro Tanmimdevrulma, Tanmimdevrulad ~bolomde dasulma~ froidma Secvala. gasageb mizezTa gamo komunisturi msoflmxedvelobis obieqturi ~deSifraciis~ mcdelobac ki tabuirebuli iyo, xolo garedan ki amis Taobaze, rogorc wesi, sarkisebr-antipoduri kontrmiTologemebiT gajerebuli ~informaciuli xmauriRa~ aRwevda. reJimic ki mieCvia mas, frondiorebic kmayofilni iyvnen da wlidan wlamde romis papze meti kaTolikes gulmodginebiT iTavsebdnen dasavlur kliSeebs. bedis ironiad gamoiyureba - yvelaze cinikurma, yvelaze informirebulmia komponentebma (specsamsaxurebi, dipkorpusi, ~komiugendelita~ da a.S.) koncesiur rangSi irwmunes mowinaaRmdegis propaganda da sistemis destruqciis genmoijareoba iTaves ~transerovnul kontraqtSi~, yvela juris opozicioners gadaaWarbes ~globalistebisadmi~ servilizmSi.

iyo ki iotisodena Sansi?

erTob komikuradac ki Cans, roca ~dialeqtikosi~ dReniadag, dialeqtikurad awydeba miseuli ~metafizikuri~ arCevanis dominacias Tavis yoveldRiur, fizikur arCevanze, antikurobisaTvis es - sizifes Sromaa, ebraelTaTvis - maradiuli uria, kapitalistebisaTvis - amaoebis bazari, luTerisaTvis - erT adgilas sakuTari nawerebis uwyveti gadawera da a.S. SeeZlo ki dainteresebul pirs ssrk-Si (iqneboda ki aseTi?) amdagvari ~mojadoebuli wridan~ gasvla komunisturi msoflmxedvelobis ~gasaSifravad~, nazuTxi ~sami wyarosa da sami Semadgeneli nawilis~ miRma zogadkomunisturi Tavwyaros misakvlevad?

monaTesave nairsaxeobebTan erTad sabWoeTSi swored ~sakuTari msoflmxedvelobis~ gamdabioreba, masSi xarisxovani elementis gamoSignva da raodenobrivis gaparpaSeba.* sabolood ki sakmaod swrafi gamdareba met-naklebad exeboda mis TiToeul ZiriTad dones, ideologias, politologias, politikasa da taqtikas. swored daRmavlobas gamoxatavs postsabWour periodSi ideologiuri donisTvis gankuTvnili meckomis kaTedrebis politologiis kaTedrebad gardaqmna. igive iTqmis sazogadoebaTmcodneTa politikaSi Cabmaze an partnomenklaturis TviT umaRlesi eSelonis politikad saxeldebul, sinamdvileSi ki taqtikis manipulaciebze. ideolorgiur da polimtikur doneTa moSlilobis pirobebSi, mkacrad rom vTqvaT, saerTod ideologebisa da politikosebis uyolobis pirobebSi, zedmetic kia politologTa miRwevebze saubari an mani ganqiqeba, aseve zedmetadac ki SeiZleba CaiTvalos taqtikosTa qeba an lanZRva - Sesabamisad ~erovnuli ideologiisa~ da ~politikuri kursis~ uqonlobis gamo.

rac Seexeba komunizmis zeindividualuri donis pirvelsaTavis moZiebas. ssrk-Si, gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, es saqme, imTaviTve didi xniT araTu Zneladmisagneb da ZneladgasaReb, aramed TviT Zneladwarmosadgen cxraklitulSi iqna gamomwyvdeuli. ~cxaurCamoSvebul~ sabWoTa kavSirze raRa iTqmis, roca TviT ~Tavisufal evropaSic~ ki, karga xans, ostaturi ~mistifikaciis~ wyalobiT, msgavsi cxraklituli Tu ara, raRac Zalze bneli labirinTi abnevda gonebamaxvil analitikosebs. sakiTxis garkvevis Semdegac bevri dabneuli darCa, zogi amJamadac Tavs imbnevs, sxvani ama Tu im formiT angaJirebulni arian, miuxedavad mravalgzis deklarirebul-reklamirebuli ~saazrovno Tavisuflebisa~ da ~zedmiwevniT obieqturobisa~. am mxriv komunistebi ufro patiosnadac ki gamoiyurebodnen, roca xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen partiul da klasobriv faqtors, sxva - eTniuri, rasobrivi, konfesiuri da a.S. saTanadod rom eRiarebinaT.

zemoxsenebuli labirinTi TviT ~postutopiuri~ komunizmis erT-erTi yvelaze vulgarizebuli, iudeo-protestantul stereotipebSi gatarebuli, mniSvnelovanwilad swored maTi arqetipebiTa da kompleqsebiT gajerebuli, Semdgom ki sekularizebuli da ~dialeqtikurad materializebuli~ versiis saxiT titanoidurma, faustotipaJurma personifikaciebma gaiyvanes infra-korporaluri CagonebiT. praqtikul planSi repeticia aprobirebul sivrcewi, ufro zustad, mravalnacad centrSi - lamis yvela juris meamboxeTa, revolucionerTa, burJuisa da obivatelis ~meqaSi~ Catarda, amasobaSi ruseTi ~mwifdeboda~, rogorc praqtikulad ise Teoriulad. ~scienisturad profanizebuli~ versiis kidev ufro tlanqi, rogorca Cans adgilisa da viTarebis Sesaferisi varianti mzaddeboda. generaluri repeticia ukve TviT ruseTSive Sedga. Semdgom ki damgegmav-Semsrulebelma klienturam winamorbel sakulto personifikaciaTa naRvawi saboloo saxiT gamoZerwa da gamowva, momdevno personaJebs - naanderZeZi jer gaebzaraT, Semdeg gautydaT, bolos ki xelebSi CaefSvnaT.

marqsistul-leninurma mecnierulma komunizmma, misma devianturma naturam, sakulto-saritualo problemebma, estafeturobis uzrunvelyofis mougvareblobam, rigma formalurma proJeqtebma, ganviTarebuli socializmis proJeqtiorebma da proJeqtorebma, sakmao droiT, TviT sistemis damxobamde, Crdili miayenes saerTod komunistur suliskveTebas, rogorc sakuTars ise sxvas, alternatiul versiebs, zogadkomunistur paToss, mis mimzidvelobas, masSi garkvevis TviT survilsac ki. sociopraqtikul planSi ki ~kastobrivi degradaciis~ aramarto eqstensiur zrdaze, aramed arnaxul intensifikaciaze orientirebulobam, ~saelito cirkulaciis~ da demografiuli sferos mzardma problemurobam garegnuladac gamoavlines modelis Sinagani sisuste, mutanturi buneba da araproporciuloba. rogorc Cans, jer kidev stalinma SeamCnia, rom mocemuli modeli ufro metad Cawixluli tradiciis inercias emyareboda, vidre sakuTar Tavs, vidre sakuTar inovaciebs. misgan gansxvavebiT xruSCovma ganacxada 1980 wels komunizmSi SevabijebTo, rac hipnotizebis donesac aCvenebs, iqneb ase ar iyo? ritorikam cota moicados, konkretuli modelebis sarealizaciod vadebis sakiTxi scildeba amjerad dasmul amocanas.

aRsaniSnavia - wina planze sul ufro met adgils ikavebda yovelive meoradi, xolo pirveladi ki piriqiT. ideologia sul ufro kvazireligiuri xdeboda, ramdenadme narcisistulic ki. Tumca ~egeTebi~ adrec hqonda. meckomunisturma Tvalsazrisma xom imTaviTve mkveTri zRvari gaavlo - aqeT WeSmariti, mecnieruli komunizmi, mwyobri da perspeqtiuli, xolo iqiT ki... radganac utopiuri, Tundac keTilmosurne adamianisaTvis, kacobriobisaTvis - mainc amasTan erTad mcdari, SeuZlebeli da uperspeqtivo, rogorc ~gulubryvilo~ da aramecnieruli. msgavsi, amasTan gamkacrebuli, zogjer pirdapir dapirispirebulobaSi gadazrdili praqtikul modifikaciebTan mimarTebaSi midgoma gamoikveTa socializmisadmi, mis formaTa daxasiaTebisas - aqeT naRdi, ganviTarebuli, iqiT ki yalbi, gaukuRmarTebuli da a.S.

pirdapiri kiTxvebi pirdapiri pasuxisaTvis

saidan iRebs saTaves komunisturi suliskveTeba? ra udevs safuZvlad am msoflmxedvelobas? umTavresad raSi vlindeba komunizmisa da socializmis naTesaoba, maTi urTierTSemavsebloba Tu winaaRmdegobrioba? ra saerTo aqvT mgznebare mistikosebs kampanelasa da mors, magaliTad? iseT meqanicist-aTeistebTan rogorebic arian prudoni da marqsi, an iseT pragmatikos-racionalistebTan rogorebadac gvevlinebian sen-simoni da furie? ra aqvT saerTo am personebTan im daxvewil, elitarul esTetebs, romlebic esoden mZafrad ganicdidnen uZvelesi droidan dRemde am ideologiis zegavlenas? ra muxtebi ubiZgeben xalxis metnaklebad farTo fenebs dro da dro ahyvnen maTi adepturis propaganda-agitacias da kataklizmebSi Caeban? aqvs ki yovelive amas raime saerTo mniSvneli?

cxadia, meckomunisturi SexedulebebiT yovelive amis gasarkvevad Sors ver wavalT. an ra gemo aqvs miriadjer gadaReWils? sxva mxriv, naklebad gamogvadgeba pirvelwyaroTa Zieba sakmaod moSxamul pirovnul minarevTa yovelwuTieri nabij-nabij analiziT, ama Tu im motivaciaTa da saangaJemento wyaroTa garkveva, magram sanam ~gamomgonebloba~ Segvipyrobdes, iqneb mainc sxvisi mignebani gagveTvaliswinebina?! SesaZloa, argumentacia damajerebeli gamodges, SesaZloa, meTodikam ~mogvxiblos~, an iqneb ~gasaRebi~ marTlac napovnia, gza gakvaluli, xolo ~cxraklituli~ gaRebuli? vfiqrobT, interesmoklebuli ar iqnebap ferdinand toenisis (1855-1936) koncepciis gacnoba.

zogierTi SeniSvna

sazogadoebrivi, politikuri da ekonomikuri realobebisadmi, rogorc komunisturi ise socialisturi damokidebulebis ganzogadebuli logika marTlac ukeT warmoCndeba germaneli sociologis istoriuli modelis gadmosaxedidan, vidre am msoflmxedvelobis modifikaciaTa romelime Teoretikosis naSromTa gamowvlilviTi analiziT. am mxriv isedac bevri dro da energiaa daxarjuli, polemikaSi xom uamravi. droa, Tavadac daviokoT ~partiuli~ paTosi, romelic aqamde sakmaod ~vafrqvieT~ da SeZlebisdagvarad miukerZoeblad mivyveT aRiarebuli, marTlac Rvawlmosili ostatis nakvalevs sakuTari ~obieqturobis~ zomieri CarTviT.: miT ufro, roca saubari gvaqvs siRrmiseul, saTaviseul Ziebaze. cxadia, aq Tqmulic arc sakuTari poziciis nagvianevi SeniRbva ar igulisxmeba da arc sxva sociologiur doqtrinaTa, koncepciaTa da midgomaTa daumsaxurebeli ignoracia. piriqiT, isini ufro Rrmadac unda iqnen Seswavlilni da ganxilulni, rogorc analitikuri meTodebiT ise sinTetikuri saSualebebiT, Tundac TviT mocemuli koncepciis daskvnaTa fonzec. kvlavac xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom laparakia zogad, SeiZleba iTqvas uzogades saerTo mniSvnelze, saTaviseul, pirvelad wyaroebze, Tanac swored ideologiis doneze, misi kvanZis gaxsnaze da ara raRac rigiT, viwrokoniuqturul, zerele aRwerebiT Semofargvlaze - doqtrinografiul da konceptografiul, sayovelTaod cnobil uamrav masalaze, miT umetes ~diletantur~ opusebsa Tu ~grafomanul~ konveirze. raRa Tqma unda, uzarmazari gansxvavebaa ideologiisa da politikis doneebs Soris. saerTod, ideologiasa da mTel socialur praqtikas Soris, figuralurad Tu vityviT, iseTive sxvaobaa, rogorc casa da dedamiwas Soris. am faqtorebs xSirad usafuZvlod iviwyeben, rac seriozul problemebs qmnis rogorc TeoriaSi ise praqsisSi.

germanuli sociologiis metri

ferdinand toenisis (Ferdinand Toennies) ideebi arsebiTad safuZvelSi daedo mTel germanul sociologias. igi msoflio masStabiTac profesionaluri sociologiis erT-erT mTavar fuZemdeblad da uaRresad nayofier avtorad gvevlineba.**1881-1933 wlebSi (Tanamdebobidan gadayenebamde) is kilis universitetSi kiTxulobda leqciebs, maRal Sefasebas Rebulobdnen misi mravalricxovani empiriuli gamokvlevebic. f. toeniss Tavis droze f. engelsTan mimowera hqonda, xolo k. marqsis Sromebs didad afasebda maTi samecniero Rirebulebis gamo, mis cxovrebasa da swavlebas specialuri naSromic ki miuZRvna (Marx. Leben und Lehre, Jena 1921), magram amasTan erTad uaryofiTad ekideboda revoluciis ideas, xolo misi reputacia rogorc Tanmimdevruli demokratisa da antifaSistisa....

Tavisi umTavresi naSromi ~Temi da sazogadoeba~ f. toenisma jer kidev 1887 wels Seqmna. Cven swored masSi mocemul sakvanZo sociologiur cnebebs, koncepcias moviSveliebT. aRsaniSnavia, rom sociologiur cnebaTa logikurad mkacri sistemis Seqmnis amocana erT-erTma pirvelma swored toenisma daayena. misi koncepcia marTlac sakmaod logikurad mkacri TanmimdevrobiT xsnis komunisturi miTosis struqturas, saerTod socialur urTierTobaTa ZiriTad formebsa da xasiaTs.

~Temisa da sazogadoebis~ avtori sazogadoebriv urTierTobebs ganixilavs rogorc nebiseuls. garda nebelobiTi xasiaTis zogi konstataciisa germaneli sociologi axdens maT daxarisxebas, klasifikacias sanebelobiTo tipebis mixedviT. yuradReba maxvildeba or mTavar, principulad urTierTgansxvavebul tipze: pirveli maTgania bunebriv-instinqturi, xolo meore gansjiT-racionaluri. amgvarad, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobani gamoiyofian maTSi gamoxatuli nebis tipis, nebelobiTobis tipis mixedviT. bunebrivi, instinqturi neba adamianis qcevas erTgvarad uknidan mimarTavs, xolo gansjiTi goni, racionaluri neba ki gulisxmobs arCevanis SesaZleblobasa da moqmedebis Segnebulad dasaxul pizans. pirvelis nimuSad SeiZleba gamodges dedobrivi siyvaruli, xolo meorisad - vaWroba. bunebrivi neba warmoSobs erTobas, Tems, xolo gansjiTi, racionaluri ki - sazogadoebas. TemSi batonoben instiinqtebi, grZnoba, organuli urTierTobani. sazogadoebawi ki - angariSiani goneba, meqanikuri urTierTobani. istoriis msjelobisas pirveli tipis urTierTobani sul ufro metad uTmoben adgils meore tipis urTierTobebs. cxadia, gaaCnia xedvis masStabs, aqcentebs. amasTan erTad imave istoriaSi met-naklebi simZlavriT moqmedebs sapirispiro Zalac. am faqtorTa aqve aRniSvna aucileblad migvaCnia, raTa istoriuli procesis rogorc erTmniSvnelovnad, calsaxad linearistuli aRqmis, amdagvarad ~daprogramebuli~ gamartivebis mimarT sakuTari midgoma SevinarCunoT, linearistuli fatalizmiT ~datyvevebulobas~ moveridoT.

amgvarad, gamokveTilia ori tipi, ori Zala, ori veqtori, ori tendencia, romelTagan erT-erTi aSkarad prevalirebs jer-jerobiT meoreze da ~magistraluri progresis~ mimarTulebas ganasaxierebs. aqve SevniSnavT, mogvianebiT (1931) toenisma ~naSromSi~ sociologiis SesavalSi~ ramdenadme gaarTula es tipologia, mis paralelurad SemoiRo, ufro zustad, mas SeuTavsa dayofa ~batonobisa~ tda ~amxanagobis~ urTierTobebad, jgufebad da gaerTianebebad.

Temi da sazogadoeba

mivyveT ZiriTad tipebs. adamianTa nebismieri koleqtivi - xalxi, tomi, ojaxi, fena, gvari, eri, sociumi, mrevli, rasa, amxanagoba, firma, kompania, dasi, partia, banda, razmi, sanaTesao, samegobro, saTvistomo, laSqari, jgufi, wodeba, komli, amqari, armia da a.S. da a.S. - SeiZleba miekuTvnos oridan erT-erT fundamentur kategorias, romelic mis xarisxs da mis Tvisebriobas gansazRvravs. es kategoriebia Temi (Gemeinschaft) da sazogadoeba (Gesellschaft). am terminebis franguli Sesatyvisebia communaute da societe am cnebaTa arss germanuli terminebi zedmiwevniT naTlad gamoxataven, radgan etimologiurad sityva Gemeinschaft warmodgeba Ziridan ~saerTo~ (Gemein germanulad, commun- frangulad), xolo sityva Gesellschaft ukavSirdeba boWvas, kavSirs, xlarTs, borkils. msgavsi etimologia aqvs frangul societe -sac. Gemein saerTos garda niSnavs ~ubralos~,~Cveulebrivs~. istoriul procesSi (visTvis evoluciursa da progresulSi - visTvis ki involuciursa da degradaciulSi) Gemein -s negatiuri gaazrebac (~muxTali~, ~vulgaruli~, uxamsi~) daemata. Gemeinde niSnavs Tems.

sagulisxmoa, rom es sityva gavrcelda rogorc magistratze, municipalitetze (msgavsad frang. commun-isa) ise samwysoze, saeklesio-samrevlo erTeulze, xolo rac Seexeba Gesellschaft -s (anu sazogadoebas, gaerTianebas) igi kompaniisa da savaWro amxanagobis aRmniSvnelic gaxda. aqve davumatebT, rom gesellen mierTebas niSnavs, xolo Geselle qargals, rac xelosnobis am kuTxiT tipologiasac gamoxatavs. mTavari mainc swored boWvasTan da borkilTan Gesellschaft.-is dakavSirebulobaa, maTgan warmomaTloba, rac SemdgomSic vlindeba tipologiur analogiebSi, sociopolitikuri da komerciuli xlarTebi da amgv. aq etimologiuri sizustis xarisxobrivi maxasiaTebeli ~Sinagani mTlianobis~ da ~garegani gaerTianebis~, ~erTianobisa~ da ~SeerTebis~, ~erTobisa~ da ~gaerTianebis~ gansxvavebulobaSi, maT mkveTr gamijnulobaSia. e.i. saubaria principul gansxvavebaze ~organul erTobasa~ da ~xelovnur gaerTianebas~ Soris.

Temi da prototipi

Temis prototips ojaxi da misi wevrebi warmoadgenen, ufro zustad, ojaxi - misi wevrebis ~ganuyofloba~, erToba, mTlianoba. xazgasmiT aRniSnulia, rom kavSirebi ojaxis wiaRSi mis wevrebs Soris erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad gamijnul individumebs Soris kavSirebs rodi warmoadgenen, aramed principulad, xarisxobrivad, Tvisebrivad gansxvavdebian maTgan. mamakaci ojaxSi Tavis cols, Svilebsa da mSoblebs ganixilavs ara imdenad rogorc ~sxva~ individumebs, ramdenadac Tavisi Tavis gagrZelebas. maTi tkivili - es misi piradi tkivilia, xolo maTi sixaruli - misi sixarulia, maTi SimSili da avadmyofoba - misivea, xolo maTi sijansaRe - misi janmrTelobaa (misi geniis, misi genis, misi ~janis~, misi Zalis, misi piradi ~simrTelea~, mTlianobaa). ojaxi, marTalia Sedgeba ramdenime adamianisagan, magram, amavdroulad, amasTan erTad, is erTian organizms warmoadgens, organizms, romelic funqcionirebs srul fizikur, fsiqikur da zneobriv urTierTkavSirSi. TviT iseTi instinqtebis donezec ki, rogorebicaa kveba, sqesobrivi ltolva da a.S. - ojaxis wevrebs ar SeuZliaT bolomde gaemijnon erTmaneTs, ar SeuZliaT indiferentulni iyvnen erTmaneTisadmi.

organuli erTobani

ojaxis kvalobaze, misi nimuSis mixedviT yalibdebian ufro mocvadi organuli erTobani, organuli Temebi- gvari, tomi, subeTnosi da ase amgv. mTeli eTnosis, mTeli xalxis CaTvliT. nebismier Tems, rogorc amtkicebs germanuli sociologiis metri, gaaCnia erTiani socio-ekonomikuri da zneobrivi kriteriumi, romelic xorcSesxmulia tradiciaSi,. swored tradicia warmoadgens Temobrivi yofierebis safuZvels. swored tradiciaa organul erTobaTa ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli, romelsac SeiZleba hqondes Tavisi saeklesio, Teologiuri formulireba, magram SesaZloa arc hqondes. SegviZlia davumatoT - tradicias SeiZleba (mesame) mistikuri, ezoteruli formulireba gamoevlinos. amgvari ~samwevra~ tradiciis magaliTs islamis realobidan moviSveliebT - adaTi, SariaTi, TariqaTi. tradicia SeiZleba gadaicemodes miTebis meoxebiT,sameurneo da zneobriv normaTa memkvidreobis SenarCunebiT, sxvadasxvagvar wes-CveulebaTa da zne-CveulebaTa, ritualur qmedebaTa saSualebiT. yvelaze arsebiTi masSi mainc upirvelesad Semdegi maxasiaTebelia - individuumze rogorc koleqtivis sabazo Semadgenelze warmodgenis uqonloba. piriqiT, amgvari erTobis, organuli erTobis, Temis wevrebi ganixilebian, rogorc misi kerZo, fragmentaruli gamovlinebani, rogorc saerTo yofierebis, erTiani realobis mravalwaxnagiani sarkis anareklebi. amgvari msoflaRqma damoukideblad masStabisa (sivrculi zrdisa, raodenobriv maCvenebelTa .. ricxviT matebisa da a.S.) narCundeba rogorc gvaris, ise tomisa da eTnosis farglebSi. cxadia, arseboben Sidaxarisxobrivi gansxvavebani, magram mTlianobis SegrZneba mainc ar irRveva, radgan ar arsebobs warmodgena ~sabazo erTeulze~, individualizacia jerac sustia (wregadaulaxavia), personaluri neba- pirobiTi, individebis ~egocentrebis~ ZalisxmeTa advilad iZleva saerTo ~egocentris~ ZalmosilebiT.

xelSekrulebiTi gaerTianeba

koncepciis mixedviT koleqtivis meore tipad iTvleba sazogadoeba (Gesellschaft). sazogadoeba (gezelSafti) gansxvavebiT Temisagan (gemainSafti) agebulia ara organuli naTesaobisa da erTianobis principze, aramed koleqtiuri xelSekrulebis principiT, rac gulisxmobs atomaruli individumebis xelovnur dakavSirebas. amdenad ~koleqtiuri xelSekruleba~ akavSirebs ukve danawevrebul, atomizebul individuumebs da axdens maTi erToblivi arsebobis mowesrigebas, awesebs saxelSekrulebo wesrigs, aregulirebs urTierTobebs.

cxadia, xelSekrulebiTi gaerTianeba yovelTvis rodi gulisxmobs mis nebayoflobiT, konsensualur xasiaTs. oligarqiuli meTodebi umciresobis ZaladobiT damyarebul ~koleqtiur xelSekrulebas~ iTvaliswinebdnen da amyarebdnen, xolo demokratiulni ki - umravlesobisa. aqve davamatebT, TviT demokratiis rogorc umravlesobis mmarTvelobis realuroba erTad saCoTiro, sakamaTo, problemuri sakiTxia. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvaTa grZeli wyeba warmoiSoba. ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli erTi da imave arsebis erTdrouli yofna ~aqtisa~ da ~potenciis~ mdgomareobaSi? ramdenad realuria ~plebiscitaruli~ da ~delegirebuli~ marTva, ramdenadaa efeqturi, ramdenad mxolod formaluria an sulac mxolod abstraqtuli? TviT demokratia mmarTvelobis mxolod formaRa aris, Tu is Sinaarssac unda moicavdes? ras SeiZleba gulisxmobdes demokratiis Sinaarsi, ras unda da ras ara? ras asaxavs ~plebisciti~, - demokratias, mediakratias Tu plutokratias? ramdenad SeiZleba, an SeiZleba ki saerTod ~delegireba~ imisa, rasac ver flob? mediakratia ~wvelis~ plutokratias Tu plutokratia ganagebs mediakratias, xolo demokratia mxolodRa ~interaqtiur~ reaqciebs iTvaliswinebs? iqneb Tanamedrove msoflios ~kontroliorTa~ mTeli eSmakobac swored imaSia - daarwmunon moqalaqeni, TiTqos isini TavianT Tavs marTaven? es ukanasknelni ki, jer erTi, imitom ijereben amas, rom es maTTvis ~pativmoyvrulad~ friad misaRebia, da meorec, imitomac albaT, rom isini ubralod sruliad moklebulni arian sakmaris inteleqtualur unars, raTa mixvdnen da darwmundnen amgvari procesis, amgvari mdgomareobis SeuZleblobaSi, rogorc praqtikaSi ise TeoriaSi? iqneb garda xelSekrulebiTi, atomaruli, ~meqanikuri demokratiisa~ SesaZlebelia (da Sinaarsobrivad realuricaa) bunebiTi, Temobrivi, ~organuli demoarktia~ rogorc aramarto misi, aramed rogorc oligarqiisa da diqtaturis alternativa? aq meti aRar gavagrZeloT am mimarTulebiT, radgan metadl davSordebiT ~magistrals~.

mTlianobaSi xelSekrulebiT gaerTianebis simyare miuxedavad misi rogorc istoriulad mzardi perspeqtivisa, Tvinier esqatologiuri, saerTod religiuri (imave bibliidanve ~babilonis godolis~ nimuSi) da zogierTi sxva msgavsi xedvisa, rogorc wesi, mainc naklebi iyo vidre organuli erTobisa. amas TviT misi xelovnuroba, arabunebiTi xasiaTi, misi dinamiuroba, denadoba da individualisturoba ganapirobebda.

davubrundeT uSualod ~sazogadoebis~ zogad formas. davubrundeT TviT toenisis koncepcias~. ~gezelSafti~ (sazogadoeba) ar gulisxmobs misi wevrebis aranair erTgvarovnebas. Teoriulad is SeiZleba warmoiqmnas individuumTa nebismieri koleqtivisagan (nebismier individuumTan Sekowiwebadia). e.i. iseTi koleqtivisagan, davumatebdiT, romelic TviT iqmneba raRac funqciis (interesis an amgv.) garSemo. funqciis dakargva iwvevs mis daSlas. organuli erToba ki misgan gansxvavebiT rodi ~miekroba~ funqcias, aramed mxolod iZens mas, xolo dakargva ki ver daSlis, radgan mis miRma daniSnuleba gaaCnia.

socialuri praqtika, cxadia, uamrav winaaRmdegobas Seicavs, mraval modalobas iZleva, magram TviT orientacia totaluri individualizmisaken ueWveli da gamokveTilia. swored totaluri individualizmi warmoadgens ~globaluri sazogadoebis~ globalur orientirs. gasagebia, rom piradi miznebis misaRwevad sazogadoebis wevrebs SeuZliaT da xSirad unda kooperirdnen kidec, magram nebismieri gaerTianeba orientirebulia isev da isev individualuri miznebis misaRwevad, rasac SeiZleba mohyves Sedegis saxiT ~sayovelTao keTildReobis~ amaRleba, Tumca SeiZleba arc mohyves.

tendenciebi istoriul procesSi

toenisis mixedviT Temi yovelTvis arsebobda. swored is warmoadgens adamianuri Tanacxovrebis yvelaze bunebriv da normalur tips. sazogadoeba ki Seiqmna istoriis ganviTarebis gviandel etapebze. is Seiqmna Temis organuli urTierTobebis, urTierTkavSirebis, rRvevis, gaxrwnisa da daSlis Sedegad. civilizaciis istoria, kacobriobis socialuri istoria warmogvidgeba, rogorc mudmivi moZraoobi Temidan sazogadoebisaken. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi es moZraoba sakmaod nela mimdinareobda. cxadia, iyo dinamiuri periodebi, magram mTlianobaSi ~dinamika~ mainc Znelad Zlevda ~statikas~. gavixsenoT Tundac gvarovnuli Temis samezoblo Temad gardaqmnis xangrZlivoba. ra Tqma unda Tavdapirveli samezoblo Temi jer kidev SeiZleba marTlac Temad CaiTvalos gviandel samezoblo dasaxlebasTan SedarebiT, radgan organuli urTierTobani ZiriTadad SenarCunebuli aqvs, magram gvarovnulTan SedarebiT ~sazogadoa~ ramdenadac sisxlismieri erTobis rRvevas gulisxmobs anu organulobis Sesustebas.

gvarovnulidan samezobloze gadasvlis procesi aTaswleulTa siRrmeSi daiwyo, magram jerad ar dasrulebula sabolood. zogierT qveyanaSi dResac ki vxvdebiT ZiriTadad erTi gvaris adamianebiT dasaxlebul soflebs, maT sakmaod farTo arealebsac ki, gansakuTrebiT mTianeTSi. bunebrivia, amgvari suraTi gvaqvs saqarTvelos maRalmTian kuTxeebSi, Tumca msgavsi arealebi barSic gvxvdeba. zogan TviT ~klanonimebis~ simravliT gamorCeuli areebic SeiniSneba. amgvari ram xSiria tradicitul ~eTnobirTvul~ (eTnofsiqologebs, eTnologebsa da eTnogeografebs SeeZloT daematebinaT - eTnohermetul, eTnoarqetipul, eTnoenergetikul, eTnorezervuarul) regionebSi. magaliTebi sakmaodaa mozrdil areTa saxiT: prikarpaTie da polesie ukraina-belorusiaSi, aWara (aWariswylis auzi) da Sida odiSi (umetesad mTiswineTi da mTa, alag-alag baric), britaneTis kunZulTa ~kelturi zona~, yofili iugoslaviis, saerTod balkaneTis rigi subzonebi da a.S. rogorc zemoT SevniSneT daSlis, Temis ~socializaciis~ procesi gvarovnulis samezoblod gardaqmniT rodi sruldeba. is TviT samezoblo Temis daSlasac iTvaliswinebs. misi saboloo gabatonebis gamoxatulebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gansaxlebis maqsimalurad dispersuli xasiaTi (mag., yof. ssrk-Si: baltiispireTi, ruseTis zogi regioni) da fermeruli meurneobani agrolandSaftSi.

socializacia-urbanizaciis Wri lSi SeiZleba gamoiyos urTierTdakavSirebuli ~tipobrivi~ da ~funqcionaluri~ tendenciebi. tipobrivi - sofeli, daba, qalaqi (jer patara, provinciuli, Semdeg didi, metropoliuri, bolos - konurbacia, aglomeracia, megapolisi, ~msoflio qalaqi~, civilizaciis mondialisturi epicentri). funqcionaluri - strategiuli, administraciuli, savaWro, samrewvelo, sakurorto, akademqalaqi, teqnopolisi, sakosmodromo, saroskipo, samuzeumo (~saantikvaro~ daniSnuleba), sarekreacio, samikitno dabebi (turservisuli da TRACECA-uli perspeqtiva) da sxva. TviT funqciebi, rogorc wesi, Tavs iyrian, rac monofunqciurobidan polifunqciurobisaken mimarTuli veqtoriT aisaxeba. yovelive amas mravalganzomilebiani datvirTva aqvs. sazogado suraTi stabilurad mzardi qaoturobis STabeWdilebas tovebs, romelsac yovliskontrolmowadinebuli, Tu ara yovlismakontrolebeli (krizisebmmarTveli), magram arsebiTad verafrismomwesrigebeli hipocentri (tendenciaTa stimulatori) aqvs.

f. toenisi daufaravad gamodioda rasizmis winaaRmdeg, uwodebda ra mas ~Tanamedrove barbarosorbas~. swored barbarosTa (zogjer Sida, magram umetesad gareSeTa), eqstensiuri sameurneo tipis, eqspansiuri, sisxl?? koleqtivebis Setevebi intensiuri sameurneo tipis, kulturul da civilizebul (Spengleriseburad gavmijnoT) koleqtivebze ~pasionarTa~ (gumiliovi) deficitisa da civilizaciuri ~amneziis~ (Zmebi gonkurebi) pirobebSi warmoadgenen z.a. globaluri tendenciis kontrprocess. qveynisSiga ~mTis Camowola barSi~, kulturis (provincia) Seteva civilizaciaze (dedaqalaqze), tipologiurad, funqciurad, tendenciurad msgavsi imisa, rasac nomadebi, tyiurebi, mekobreni akeTeben. igive iTqmis koloniis kontrSetevaze metropoliis misamarTiT (cxadia, Tu TviTon ver moaswro masze metad gacivilizeba) da piriqiT. rac Seexeba klasobriv-revoluciur aspeqts amdagvari tendenciologiisa erTob ~originaluri~ logika Cndeba. magaliTad, XX s. dasawyisis revoluciuri procesi ruseTSi SesaZloa ~Temobrivad~ dagvirgvinebuliyo 1918 wlis eserTa putCis warmatebis pirobebSi, radgan muSur-glexuri tandemi (e.i. sazogadoebrivi klasis dominantTa Temobrivze) icvleboda glexur-muSuriT (e.i. organulis, bunebiTis dominacia meqanikurze, xelSekrulebiTze). spiridonovisa da savinkovis figurebic raRac imedebs iZleodnen, magram rogorc mainc ~socialistebs~ iqneb ~sazogadoebrivad~ daesrulebinaT, xolo amitom maT SesaZloa ~vergaqaCuli~ trudovikebi sjobdaT? aq Cven ~socialistur dilemas~ mivadeqiT?, erTi ram cxadia: Tu socialistebi uTuod ~ukeTesi sazogadoebisaken~ iqaCebian - aSkaraa civilizaciur entropias aZliereben, magram roca namdvilad ~ganaxlebul Temze~ zrunaven - gamodis kontrtendenciis saqmes akeTeben, z.a. kontrprocesTa mxares aRmoCenilan.

zogi ram proletburJuebze

rac Seexeba uSualod burJuaziul revoluciaTa epoqis dadgomas - imTaviTve aRsaniSnavia, rom feodalur-patriarqaluri urTierTobebidan, saerTod piradi damokidebulebisa da kulturis tradiciuli formebidan kapitalisturze gadasvlis problema civilizaciurad (isev Spengeliseburi gaazrebiT) sakvanZod iqca Temidan sazogadoebisaken moZraobis (toenisi) zogadistoriul procesSi. cxadia, bastiliis aReba mxolod absolutisturi ancien regime-s dacemas rodi moaswavebda, aramed raRac uaRresad grandiozuls, rac simboluradac ukavSirdeba tradiciis mier xazgasmiT aRniSnul sakvanZo mniSvnelobis movlenas - gogTa da magogTa mier simboluri kedlis gadalaxvis simbolikas. gareSe Zala xelidan ar gauSvebs cixis Signidan gatexvis SesaZleblobas. raRa Tqma unda mTavari brZola winaa, magram manamde didi samzadisia saWiro, reputireba, Tanac semantikuri simbolizmicaa gasaTvaliswinebeli. raxan infra-korporuluri ~paraleluri realobasTan~ mimarTebaSi semantika vaxseneT - ~etimologistika~ SemoviRoT.

burJuaziuli revolucia (germanulad – Burgerlich Revolution) etimologiurad Burg -s (cixedarbazi, gadatan. mniSvnn.- dacva, sayrdeni, burji) ukavSirdeba. TviT burgerlich burJuaziulsac niSnavs, ~obivatelursac~ da samoqalaqosac. am gadmosaxedidan TviT yvelaze proletaruli revoluciac ki burJuaziulia, radgan samoqalaqoa, samoqalaqo uflelebs iTxoven da a.S. qalaqSi xdeba, aw gaberil Burg -Si, isev qalaqis ~primats~ emsaxureba, Burg.-is anu cixe-darbazis e.i. tradiciulis naSTis damxoba-dangrevas (Tu ~bastilia~ ukve dangreulia), burgen -is anu tradiciis dacvisa da burjis waqceva-mospobas lamobs (rac wina biurgerebs gadaurCaT), amasTan erTad xSirad proletrevoluciac Burgerkrige -s (samoqalaqo oms) moiTxovs. amdenad proletaruli revolucia iseve ~sazogadoebrivi~, e.i. ~antiTemobrivia~ rogorc burJuaziuli. arcaa es gasakviri, radgan proletariati civilizaciis produqtia,niadags Sezrdili glexobasaviT organuli rodia, aramed meqanikuria, cnobierebamc ~meqanicisturi~ aqvs da qcevaTa kompleqsic. ufro metic, is burJuaziuli revoluciis marTlac ~gadazrdaa~, marTlac gaRrmaveba. oRond es gaRrmaveba sabolood mainc isev sazogadoebazea orientirebuli da ara Temze. rogorc Cans, Tundac komunistebma uxelmZRvanelon. proletariatis moRvaweoba sinamdvileSi swored komunis sawinaaRmdegoa. proletrevolucia .....-is (burJuazia, biurgerob) naRvawis gagrZelebaa. proletariatTan SedarebiT patriciatisaTvis ~ujiSo~ plebsic ki naklebcivilizebuli da metad kulturulia. plebsi Zvel romSic da misi analogi Tanamedrove qalaqSi proletariatTan mimarTebaSi, cxadia, naklebmeqanikuri da metad organulia.

neogeto da masa

mas Semdeg rac sazogadoebis gamarjveba Temze ueWveli gaxda igi misTvis niSneuli atributebiT, mTeli Tavisi TvisebebiT, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciuli normebiT gandevnil iqna civilizaciis periferiaze. gnebavT, moTavsebul iqna specifiur pirobebSi: erTis mxriv ~eTnorezervaciad~ SemorCenili mikroarena provinciaSi, meore mcriv, didi qalaqis rigi ubnebisa da gareubnebis mikroarena. Zneli misaxvedri araa razea aq saubari. amdagvari ubnebi da gareubnebi ~sazogado~ saxelwodebebsac floben zogierT enebze. magaliTad: Turquli realiebidan ~gejekonduebi~ (rac erT RameSi aSenebuls niSnavs), rusuli ~naxalovkebi~ (vfiqrob, ganmarteba zedmetia).

modiT ~kosmopolituri~ sazogado saxeli SemoviRoT - ~neogeto~. rac Seexeba Zvel getos, rogorc wesi, mocemuli periodisaTvis is didi xania rac didi qalaqis centrSi moeqca, rogorc pirdapiri ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. Zveli anu paleogito sakmaod mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs, magram amjerad masze ver SevCerdebiT.

yovel did qalaqs aqvs didi dasafqvavi, mosaxarSi da mosanelebeli mowyobiloba, rogorc Sida, ise gare elementebisaTvis. sxvagvarad sadnob qvabs (melting pot) uwodeben. zogjer mTeli qveyana (magaliTad: aSS) warmoadgens erT uzarmazar sadnob qvabs. Spengeliseburad ~evrodaisur~ notze gadavamReroT: civilizaciis epoqaSi istoriis asparezze gamodis didi qalaqis, ~msoflio qalaqis~ produqti - uformo masa, tradicias moklebuli socioparaziti (lumpen da a.S.). romeli qalaqis romeli ubani ramdens da rogors iZleva- es sociogeografiis saqmea, agreTve isic Tu ra siswrafiT xdeba ganTemeba. gasazogadoeba da a.S. masis wona matulobs. bevri cdilobs mis gamoyenebas. masas jer kidev Zveli romi icnobda mixrwnilebamde bevrad adre, Tanac aramarto sakuTars, aramed sxvisasac.

romaelma xalxma araerTi brZola waago hanibalTan, magram romis dacva SeZlo, scipions ki SeaZlebina gadamwyvet brZolaSi, daskvniT brZolaSi gamarjveba. amjerad SeveSvaT profesional samxedroebs, TviT romaelTa mxares gadasuli numidieli masinisas mxedrebs, romelic scipinois gamarjvebis Tanaavtorebadac Tvlian. ra kavSiri aqvs mTavari punikuri omis (II omi) gadamwyvet brZolas Cveni Temis qvesakiTxTan? is, rom hanibali rodi damarcxda zamasTan, aramed masa, punikuli msoflio qalaqis produqti. italiidan saswrafod gamoxmobil uarmio hanibalis gankargulebaSi mxolod masaRa aRmoCnda. odnavi utrirebaa mxolod. karTagenma, misma xelmZRvanelobam marTlac raRac saswrafod Sekowiwebuli uformo masa miawoda. hanibali istoriaSi mainc Sevida rogorc Tavisi drois ubadlo mxedarTmTavari, antikurobis napoleoni, iSviaTi pasionari - davumateb. punikuri masa damarcxda sakuTar ~naRebTan~, karTagenul plutokratiasTan erTad (plutokratiac rogorc masa, rogorc misi qafi). III punikuri omi - masobrivad monaTa bazrebze ukuRmarTi civilizaciis logikuri Sedegi, Sesaferisi statusi?

marginalistikuri etiudi

~Rrmadistoriuli~ samxedro aspeqtidan TanamedroveTa sociopraqsis mosaxilvelad gadmovinacvloT. perestroikul-postsabWouri reformebiviT usaSvelod gawelil gankomuneba-socializaciis globalur procesSi gaxSirda marginalTa, ufro zustad, aqsiologiurad dezorienteribel yofil ~meTemeTa~ mniSvnelovani nawilis antisocialur elementebad formireba sakuTari ~kriminaluri elitiT~. isini marTlac ramdenadme mounelebelni, gadaudnobni arian sazogadoebis mier. sociums klasobriv-stratobrivi socioproduqtebi gaaCnia. Svilebad movixsenioT isini. proletariati ukve ~araprestiJuli~ Svilia, magram mainc ~legitimuri~. lumpenia ~ukanono laoRi~ da a.S. antisocialuri kriminaliteti misi ~gerebis~ jgufSi moiazreba. cxadia, kriminaluri elita, romelic saTaveSi udgas antisocialur kriminalitets araa elita, magram unda Tu ara es sociums is mainc gavleniani faqtoria sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. esaa antielita (pareto). sociopraqtikaSi, sociocirkulaciebSi monawileobiT isic TandaTan socialurdeba. momdevno TaobebSi eTnokriminalitets naklebi ~pasionari~ da meti ~harmoniuli~ individi mosdevs. magaliTad: italielebi aSS-Si.

~meTemeTa~ marginalizaciisa da ~antielitis~ formireba-transformaciis sakiTxebi Tavis mxriv xsnian im aSkara paralelizms romelic gamovlenilia gaukuRmarTebuli komunistisa da kriminalis msoflmxedvelobebSi, rig arsebiT tendenciaSi sruli Tanxvedris CaTvliT. is ideologiis donidan gasagebs xdis, Tu ratom xdeboda ssrk-Si reJimis mier kriminalizmis kultivireba. aq politzekebisa da disidentebis sawinaaRmdego ~koniunqturSCina~ mxolod rodi igulisxmeba, aramed siRrmiseuli motivacia. ~gemainSafturi~ suliskveTebis deviacia. sxva mxriv, aseve ideologiur logikas iZens, oRond ra Tqma unda oficialur ideologiur kliSeebze ara gvaqvs saubari, sxvagvari logikis poziciidan auxsneli rigi sxva sayuradRebo mimarTebebisa. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba arca aqvs imas, Tu ramdenad acnobierebdnen yovelive amas imJamindeli politikis gamtarebelni, Tu rogor erkveodnen komunisturi miTosis struqturaSi. isini xom TviTon cxovrobdnen komunistur miTSi, ufro ki mis karikaturaSi. dRes groteskiTa da saanegdoto personaJebiT garemoculni liberalur utopias Sescicineben. aki skolac gamovlilia. zogi maTgani demokratiuli revoluciisa da evoluciuri demokratiis parodirebaSic xom ise kargad daostatda, rom partiis vaSingtonis saolqo komitetsac Zveleburad aRar arcxvens. ufro metic, erT-erTi maTganis siCauqem regionis sametropolio areSi morigi ~andergraunduli proeqtis~ realizacia rva wliT gadado.

destruqciuli triada

isev gavixsenoT, rom ~mudmiv moZraobas Temidan sazogadoebisaken~ sworxazovani traeqtoria rodi gaaCnda. feodalizmis gamarjveba monaTmflobelobaze, antikurobaze arsebiTad Temis dacva, sazogadoebaze misi kontrSeteva iyo. esaa cikluri ~maradiuli mobrunebis~ (nicSe) gamarjveba xazovan tendenciaze, esaa ~pasionaruli biZgis~ (gumiliovi) gamovlinebaTa Sedegi. ~yovel 400 Tu 500 weliwadSi saWiroa barbarosoba, rom axali sicocxle misce msoflios. msoflio mokvdeboda civilizaciisagan. Zvel wlebSi, roca Cveni turfa evropis romelime nawilis mosaxleoba anemiuri xdeboda, mas zurgze CrdiloeTidan eqvsi futis simaRlis ymawvilebi ecemodnen, da es ymawvilebi rasis gadakeTebas axdendnen.

axla, roca metadre aRar arian velurebi evropaSi, am samuSaos xuTi aTeuli wlis Semdeg proletarebi Seasruleben. amas daerqmeva socialuri revolucia (Zmebi gonkurebi). prognozi ver gamarTlda. proletariati verc SeZlebda amdagvari imedebis gamarTlebas. axlac eSlebaT, radgan jer ver gaurCeviaT erTmaneTisagan Temi da sazogadoeba. 50 wlis Semdeg evropas jer kidev mravalricxovani sakuTari modgmis proletariati hyavda, omebSi masze metad glexoba wydeboda, magram proletariatma ~samuSao~ ver Seasrula, verc seqsSi, verc politikaSi. Tundac Seesrulebina, Sedegi minimaluri iqneboda, radgan is sazogadoebri klasia. amdagvari saqme moiTxovs Temobriv stiqias, Zalas. 100 wlis Semdeg ~samuSaos~ Sesrulebas Seudgnen (futebze verafers getyviT) evropis zurgze samxreTidan dacemuli muq-muqa ymawvilebi. gadakeTeba-gadafuWebisa ra mogaxsenoT, magram maTi efeqturoba miT ufro naklebi iqneba, rac ufro proletarulni, civilizebulni iqnebian da miT ufro meti, rac ufro pasionarulni, velurni.

destruqciuli triada

sazogadoebis, socialuri ganviTarebis procesi globaluri entropiis sasargeblod metyvelebs da Temobriv-patriarqaluri tradiciebis erozias emsaxureba. eroziasTan da entropiasTan brZola Znelia.? swored maTTan mebrZoli, maTi dammarcxebeli feodalia artstokrati am sityvis namdvili, pirdapiri da sworupovari mniSvnelobiT, saukeTeso mmarTvelia, roca Tavis samflobeloSi, sapatrono mikrokosmosSi makrokosmosis meufis paradigmisebr gamgeblobs e.i. patriarqalurad. am gadmosaxedidan qarTuli aristokratiis daisi ara XIX saukuneze modis, aramed qarTul feodalur sinamdvileSi patronymobis batonymobiT Secvlisas, msgavsad gamoiiyureba e.w. batonymobis meored gamocema XVI-XVIII ss. centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi. dasavleT evropaSi ki glexobis pirovnuli emansipacia aramarto feodalTan patriarqaluri kavSiris wyvetaSi, aramed TviT glexobis SigniT Temobriv urTierTobaTa, organul kavSirTa rRvevas, xrwnasa da daSlas iwvevda, xels uwyobda plutokratiul tendenciaTa gaZlierebas, sayovelTao gaTiTokacebis dawyebas. yovelive es zogan ukidures, groteskul, uaRresad Semzarav suraTs iZleoda. am mxriv inglisi unda gvexsenebina - qveyana sadac totaluri genocidi mouwyves glexsa da Tems. qveyana - sadac bedis ironiaa aramarto ~mxvris mier adamianis SeWmaSi~, aramarto monarqiulobis upirveles da uRrmes profanaciaSi, aramed TiTqmis yoveliveSi. TematikasTan dakavSirebiT gavixsenoT misi parlamentis qveda, magram wamyvani palata - e.i. TemTa palata qveyanaSi sadac saukuneebia ukve gasuli rac erTi Temic ki sanTliTaa saZebni.

qvenabunebiTis mateba zenabunebiTis xarjze, atomizacia, ~organikis~ gaukuRmarTeba da ~meqanikis~ moZaleba, individualizaciur-civilizaciur procesTa ukiduresi aqtiuroba, TviT hipertrofia individualizmisa da civilizaciis epoqisa, maTTan uSualod dakavSirebuli yovelive negatiuris aqtualizeba da globalizeba infra-korporaluri struqturebis mier destruqciuli triadis (e.w. renesansi-reformacia-ganmanaTlebloba) operirebiT momzadda.

amjerad, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, destruqciuli triadis SemadgenelTa daxasiaTebisas arsebiTad ~figuraluri metaforistikiT~ SemovifarglebiT.? saganmanaTleblo proJeqtorma aramarto mwvane Suqi misca absoluturi ancien regime-s damxobas, aramed - globalurad kulturis katastrofas. ganmanaTlebelTa proJeqtiorobam mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba civilizaciur sarevelaTa masobrivi kultivireba, ufro metic, sasaTbure pirobebi Seuqmna antiorganul infeqciebs msoflio masStabiT. rac Seexeba ~religiur reformacias~ sinamdvileSi is aramarto romaul-kaTolikuri konfesiis, aramed saerTod religiurobis deformaTciis globalur faqtorad iqca. antikurobis renesansi ki (rbilad rom vTqvaT ~megobruli SarJi~ yovelgvar antikurze) yovelive ~socialurad Tanamedroves~ saformalizacio winamorbedad da ~damgegmav biurod~ im saweswyobilebo cvlilebebisiaTvis sadac ~interieri mokvdeba~, xolo ~cxovreba sajaro gaxdeba~ (isev - Zmebi gonkurebi). yovelive - tradiciulad organulis uxelovnures destruqciaTa paradigmad, saboloo jamSi imdagvari kulturis (sul ufro metad profanizebuli kultis) progresirebadi erzac-kulturis momyvanad, romelic samkvdro-sasicocxlo safrTxes uqmnis mTel planetas masze daSenebuli yvelaxe antitradiciuli civilizaciiT.

socializmis reaqciuli xasiaTi

mivubrundeT germanul ~sociometrikas~. ganxilvadi koncepciis gansazRvrebiT socializmi aris Segnebuli reaqcia sazogadoebis (Gesellschaft) Semotevaze, romelic aRiqmeba uaRresad negatiur procesad da gacnobierebulia viTarca gaucxoeba (Entfremdung). amdagvarad Segnebuli reaqcia gulisxmoba arsebobis organuli formebisaken, Temisaken (Gemienschaft) dabrunebis miswrafebas. am reaqciis mizani iTvaliswinebs organul koleqtiur arsebaSi dabrunebas, am arsebis Zmobasa da erTianobaSi kvlavSerwymas, gamTlianebas. Temisken miswrafeba ~Segnebuli~ da ~gacnobierebuli~ xdeba swored maSin, roca Temobrivi wyobis ukanaskneli naSTebi qrebian ~sakontraqto civilizaciis~ pirispir, mis winaSe gancdili mZlavri marcxis Sedegad. amgvarad, socializmi aris tendencia erTdroulad revoluciuric da reaqciulic, radgan is orientirebulia momavalSi warsulis idealis realizaciaze. raRa Tqma unda, ~civilizebuli~ socializmi reaqcias ver gaqaCavs (piriqiTac ki), magram (kulturuls~ (aRaras vambobT barbarosulze) amis unari gaaCnia. rac Seexeba ~sakulto~ socializms, rogorc ~pirvelkomungaze~ orientirebuls, rogorc ~im komunis~ nostalgias, rogorc komunizmis qveformas - eWvgareSea, ara ubralod reaqciulia mxolod, ufro metic - is arqireaqciulia.

warsulis ideali dialeqtikuri faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiTaa gaazrebuli - e.w. pirvelyofil komunizmSi dabruneba rodi igulisxmeba. marqsic ar ambobda - qvis xanis komungizmSi davbrundeTo. is moiTxovda industriuli, ~fritrederuli~ kapitalizmis damarcxebas. ase vTqvaT, kapitalizmis damarcxebas ~nacionalistur periodSive~ moxrCobas msoflio revoluciis meoxebiT. lenini Seecada ~imperialistur stadiaSi~ kapitalizmis ganadgurebas lokaluri revoluciiT. amJamad garkveul wreebSi popularulia lozungi - kontinentaluri revoluciis saSualebiT kapitalizmis mondialistur etapze~ Zleva. albaT, marqsi da lenini, amJamad, ilaparakebdnen dialeqtikur aRmasvlaze postindustriul, informaciul, an kidev teqnotronul komunizmSi,*** magram modiT Cven maTi Tavi warsuls mivarTvaT maTive materialist-uri ~dialeqtikiT~ da dialeqtikisve gamoyenebiT faterialist -ur ~metafizikas mivubrundeT.

ganaxlebuli saTavisaken!

SesaZloa zogierTi parametris, mraval naRvawTa gamo kacobrioba rogorc aseTi imsaxurebdes kidec qvis xanaSi moxvedras, magram ganxilvadi miTostruqtura amas, Tu praqtikis doneze ara, ideis doneze mainc, ar iTvaliswinebs. ukuvagdoT ironia da sruli seriozulobiT mivyveT erTdroulad uZvelessa da uaxles miToss. TemTan dabruneba kapitalisturi ~gezelSaftis~ sazogadoebis mier misi dangrevis Semdgom unda iqces xarisxobrivad gansxvavebul movlenad imisagan, racaa ~gemainSaftis~, Temis arseboba inerciiT. amitom aqac dialeqtikuri midgomaa TemobrivSi dabrunebasTan - Temobrivisaken ltolva ukve dangreuli Temis restavracias rodi gulisxmobs, aramed sxvagvar restavracias. sagulisxmo restavraciis miznobrivi orientiri samomavlod ara ~ubralod Temis~ aRdgenis saxiT warmoudgebaT, aramed ~absoluturi Temis~ saxiT, romelic daefuZneba ara mxolod ~ZmaTa Zmobas~, aramed ~sayovelTao Zmobas~. faqtobrivad, maT surT pre-istoriulSi, ufro zustad - miRmurSi dabruneba. es ukve aRaraa guSindel warsulSi ltolva. es winare-warsulisaken, miTosur-religiur-doqtrinaluri oqros xanisaken miswrafebaa! aq ukve laparaki aRaraa Gemienschaft-ze. aq saubaria winare yofierebaze, saTaviseul yofierebaze! amitom komunistur utopiebSi Cveulebriv realistur, organul-Temobriv urTierTobebs rodi umReren, aramed ~zeorganul-Temobrivs~, zeorganul Tems, ~mziur Tems~, samoTxiseul ideals, Zveli Temis uwinaress, winare-Tems, proto-Tems (Urgemeinschaft).

Tanmimdevruli socializmi mis adeptTa azriT logikurad unda dagvirgvindes komunizmiT, msoflio Temis zeimiT, oqros xanis restavraciiT. sxvagvari gageba socializmisa individualistur-kapitalisturi socializaciis gagrZelebaa. rac SeexebaT nacionalur-socialistur formebs maTi misiebic Sesabamisad SeiZleba gairCes, rogorc msgaivsi orientaciebi ~lokalur masStabSi~. mivxedoT uSualod Tavwyaros - mTavar samiznes.

fundamenturi komunisturi miTosi saerTod rCeba miuxedavad Teoriul samoselTa simravlisa. komunistur sazogadoebaTa aRwerisas gamoyenebuli iseTi saocari detalebi, rogorebicaa saerTo colebi, stiqionTa marTva, Sromisa da kerZo sakuTrebis ararseboba da a.S. - yovelive es, sxva araferia, Tu ara, gamartivebuli, sekularizebuli warmodgena samoTxis Sesaxeb, warmodgena pirvelad adamur mdgomareobaze, kacobriobis imdagvar mdgomareobaze, romelSic ar arsebobs individuumebis simravle, aramed arsebobs erTaderTi subieqti - myofi ontologiur siuxveSi. saubaria kabbalaseul adam-kadmonSi, qristianuli ezoterizmis zeciur adamSi, sxva tradiciaTa Sesabamis subieqtSi, are/qetipSi, proto-plastSi dabrunebaze. protoplastur mdgomareobaSi dabrunebis sakiTxi hipnozis arsisa da formis, fatalurobis, totalurobis, depersonalizebaxdeindividualizebis, kacobriobis simwifis xarisxis, eonaluri transformaciis, analizis globaluri dasrulebis, umaRles principul doneze Tezisa da antiTezis sinTezis saSualebiT moxsnis, sxva mTavarsakvanZo problemaTa doneebs aRwevs - TviT ideologiis dones scildeba, kidev ufro maRal rangSi adis...

socialuri donidan istoriis religiur gagebaSi gadanacvlebisas, saTaviseul mdgomareobaSi dabrunebis sakiTxi, miuxedavad z.a. yofierebis, mdgomareobis lokalur msoflxedvebSi aRqmiTi, meoradi gansxvavebebisa, mTavarSi mainc arsebiT saerTos avlens. ase vTqvaT, kvintensenciuri mTlianoba vlindeba, rogorc im tradiciebTan, romlebSic istoria xazovnad moiazreba (qristianoba, iudaizmi), ise im tradiciebSi, sadac aSkaraa istoriis cikluri aRqma (induizmi, buddizmi, warmarToba da a.S.). dakargul samoTxiseul mdgomareobaSi dabruneba- ganaxlebuli SegnebiT, gandevnis bneli saidumlos SemecnebiT - yovelgvari religiuri eTikis, drois problemasTan yovelgvari sulieri mimarTebis safuZvelia. komunisturi miToTisa da sociopraqtikis Tavwyaroc aqaa. sxva saqmea, Tu ra saxes Rebulobs is ufro dabal doneebze, ase vTqvaT, gamkvrivebuli, Teoriuli minarevebiTa da praqtikuli minaSrevebiT ~gatlanqebuli~. socializms zemoxsenebuli paradigma dahyavs socialuri realobis doneze, socialur-politikur terminebSi ayalibebs mas. es ukve axali miTia, zemore komunistur miTosTan dakavSirebuli, magram mainc Taviseburad axalic. amavdroulad is submiTosicaa, komunisturis qveforma - civilizaciis epoqis (Spengleriseburi gagebiT) nayofi. antikurobaSi misi ideologis magaliTad gamodgeba platonis dasaxeleba, romelic iyo ~pirveli socialisti sirakuzeli tiranis karze~ (fridrix nicSe). cxadia, monaTmflobelurisa. rac Seexeba ~impersonalur~ mxares, sxvadasxva droisa da civilizaciis ~zogadsocialistur~ orientirs - SegviZlia vigulisxmoT, erTis mxriv, programa-maqsimumi anu post-sazogadoebrivi mdgomareoba, e.i. idealSi isev Urgemeinshaft-is (winare-sazogadoebis) dabruneba , meores mxriv , programa-minimumi anu presazogadoebrivi mdgomdreoba , e.i. Urgesellshaft –is (winare mdgomareobis) realizacia. am gadmosaxedidan maqsimalistebad istoriis ~xazovani gagebis~ socialistebi Canan, xolo minimalistebad ki ~wriuli aRqmisa~. raRa Tqma unda ~zogadsocialisturi~ orientacia arc oficialuri programebis da arc aRiarebuli koncepciebis mxridan ar moiTxovs damowmebas. rac Seexeba imas, Tu ra Sedegebi gamoiRo dRemde sazogadoebriv praqtikaSi yovelive aman da raa mosalodneli saxvaliod - es ukve, cxadia, amjerad dasaxuli amocanis miRmaa.

daskvnis saxiT

amgvarad, komunizmis miTostruqturisa da sociopraqtikis Tavwyaro garCeuli germaneli sociologis ferdinand toenisis koncepciis sakvanZo cnebaTa (~Temi~ da ~sazogadoeba) bazaze warmoadgens winare-Temis (UUrgemeinschaft) restavraciis, absoluturi Temis triumfisaken miswrafebas, romelic arsebiTad tradiciuli samoTxis, ufro zustad, kacobriobis arqetipuli, ~proto-plasturi~ (erTi subieqti - ontologiur siuxveSi) mdgomareobis sekularizebuli warmodgenaa. TviT sociopraqtikis praqtikuli Tavwyaro da asparezi ki jer rRvevadi, xrwnadi da Sladi Gemeinschaft Temi, bunebrivi erTobani, ~niadagwezrdili xalxi da ~organuli kultura~), xolo Semdegm da aseve paraleluradac Geselshaft-i (sazogadoeba, xelovnuri gaerTianebani, ~sakontraqto civilizacia~ da ~uformo masa~) - individualuri egoizmis realizaciaze orientirebuli koleqtivi. ganxiluli koncepciis mixedviT mTeli istoria Temidan sazogadoebisaken moZraobaa. amdenad, komunizmi, msgavsad nebismieri Temobrivad orientirebuli ideologiisa, arsebiTad, revoluciurTan erTad reaqciuli msoflmxedvelobaa.

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* Toma aqvineli ambobda ~numerus stat ex parte materiae~ - raodenoba materiis mxaresaa (laT).** sxvaTa Soris, rfkp-s genmdivani g. ziuganovi ~dabalansebuli msoflios~ ideis ganviTarebaiSi wers: